About C++
C++ is a general purpose programming language designed to make programming more enjoyable
for the serious programmer. Except for minor details, C++ is a super set of the C programming language.In addition to the facilities provided by C, C++ provides flexible and efficient facilities for
defining new types. A programmer can partition an application into manageable pieces by defining
new types that closely match the concepts of the application. This technique for program construction
is often called data abstraction. Objects of some userdefined types contain type information.Such objects can be used conveniently and safely in contexts in which their type cannot be determined at compile time. Programs using objects of such types are often called object based. When used well, these techniques result in shorter, easier to understand, and easier to maintain programs.
The key concept in C++ is class. A class is a user defined type. Classes provide data hiding,guaranteed initialization of data, implicit type conversion for user-defined types, dynamic typing,user controlled memory management, and mechanisms for overloading operators. C++ provides much better facilities for type checking and for expressing modularity than C does. It also contains improvements that are not directly related to classes, including symbolic constants, inline substitution of functions, default function arguments, overloaded function names, free store management operators, and a reference type. C++ retains C’s ability to deal efficiently with the fundamental objects of the hardware (bits, bytes, words, addresses, etc.). This allows the user defined types to be implemented with a pleasing degree of efficiency.
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